Sunday, October 20, 2013

diabetes nephropathy(糖尿病腎病變)

症狀/併發症(symptom/complication)
@Albuminuria
病因(etiology)

檢查/準則(examination/criteria)
#with a random spot urine sample for albuminto-creatinine, ACR ratio, should be considered once the child is 10 years of age and has had diabetes for 5 years
#serum creatinine level
#Urine albumin excretion rate for diabetes albuminuria: 24 hours, a period or a single time test. And this test is not accurate when patients have fever, hyperglycemia, after exercise
normal: <30 mg/g
microalbuminuria: 30~300mg/g, symptom may be reversible
macroalbuminuria: >300mg/g


資料來源:kidney
#estimated glomerular filtration rateeGFR :for chronic kidney disease

資料來源:kidney
治療(treatment)
$drug
$$angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACEi
$$angiotensin II receptor blocker, ARB
$reduce protein uptake to 0.8~1g/kg/day
鑑別診斷(Differential Diagnosis)

流行病學(Epidemiology)


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