症狀/併發症(symptom/complication) | @hypercalcemia accompany hyperphosphatemia |
病因(etiology) | typing |Solid tumor: Increase osteoclast-medicated resorption ||Hormone: PTH related protein, therefore, we could find PTH is low but hypercalcemia ||Local endocrine or paracrine of tumor |Multiple myeloma: Osteolytic factor: TNF, IL-1 or IL-6-->concentration of calcium and Phosphate increased |Lymphoma: Increase of 1,25(OH)2D: improve vitamin activity |
檢查/準則(examination/criteria) | |
治療(treatment) | $osteoclast related: decrease function of osteoclast--> bisphosphonates類藥物, ex Alendronate $Glucocorticoid: Especial in multiple myeloma and lymphoma |
鑑別診斷(Differential Diagnosis) | |
流行病學(Epidemiology) |
HomeAny source
No comments:
Post a Comment