nonketotic hyperosmolar state, NKHS(非酮酸性高滲透壓狀態)

症狀/併發症(symptom/complication)	@polyuria: glucose resorption is not fast enough than excretion @thirst
病因(etiology)	|insulin deficiency and |inadequate fluid uptake |ischemia |iatrogenic |infection |intoxication
檢查/準則(examination/criteria)	#decreased GFR #blood sugar>600 mg/dl #arterial pH>7.3 #bicarbonate>15 mEq/L #osmolality >320 mOsm/Kg H2O #ketone bodies is a little high or normal
治療(treatment)
鑑別診斷(Differential Diagnosis)	%diabetes ketonuria, DKA(糖尿病酮酸血症) %%do not nausea and vomiting %%do not have abdomen pain %%do not present Kussmaul respiration (DKA patient) %%ketonemia is rare
流行病學(Epidemiology)	+usually occur in type II diabetes mellitus(第二型糖尿病) +more common in elderly +hard to access to water

New name is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, HHS(高滲透壓高血糖狀態)

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