osteoporosis(骨質疏鬆症)

症狀/併發症(symptom/complication)	@ low bone mass @microarchitectural deterioration @increase in fracture risk
病因(etiology)	class |primary osteoporosis ||decrease bone mass in postmenopausal women (postmenopausal osteoporosis) ||older men and women (senile osteoporosis) |secondary osteoporosis ||loss of bone mass resulted from other clinical disorder
檢查/準則(examination/criteria)	#vertebrae is the most incidence rate of body, but sometimes influenced by arteriosclerosis #T score: BMD is compared with 25-year-old Caucasian women ##Normal: T scores fall less than -1 SD ##Osteopenia: T score fall between -1 and -2.5 SD ##Osteoporosis: T score fall more than -2.5 SD
治療(treatment)	$Non-pharmacologic $$do exercise $$Maintain nutrition status $$Prevention from trauma $Medication $$Anti-resorptive agent: do not improve calcium absorption, but block bone loss $$$Calcium: 1500 mg/day (Milk contain about 1 mg calcium /ml) $$$Vitamin D: 400 - 800 IU/D with adequate calcium intake $$$Estrogen $$$Selective Estrogen Response Modulators, SERMs 參見：藥理學(pharmacology) $$$Bisphosphonates: inhibit osteoclast $$Bone formation agent
鑑別診斷(Differential Diagnosis)
流行病學(Epidemiology)

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