thyroid tumor(甲狀腺腫瘤)

症狀/併發症(symptom/complication)	@Solitary, solid, cold nodules in younger males are more likely to be   neoplastic.
病因(etiology)	typing |benign tumor ||mainly follicular adenoma ||originated in the follicular epithelium ||nmost non-functional tumor, sometimes Hyperthyroidism(甲狀腺機能亢進)//thyrotoxicosis(甲狀腺毒症) occur |malignant tumor ||External radiation ||Genetic:RET/PTC,TRK rearrangement,RAS,BRAF,CTNNB1 mutation
檢查/準則(examination/criteria)	#nuclear medicine thyroid scan: appears as a "cold nodule", where is defect part of thyroid ##A "cold" area is NOT necessarily cancer ##Indeed, most "cold nodules" are benign!  #Ultrasound #biopsy
治療(treatment)	$surgery $$Total thyroidectomy $$Near- total thyroidectomy $radiation iodine $Suppressive therapy: thyroxine (primary oral T4) after surgery
鑑別診斷(Differential Diagnosis)
流行病學(Epidemiology)	+malignant tumor: 1% of all malignancies, most common endocrine system tumor ++adult, female more +most common endocrine tumor

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