Sunday, October 20, 2013

pancreatic neuroendocrine Carcinoma, panNEC(胰臟神經內分泌癌)

症狀/併發症(symptom/complication)
@usually occur in head of pancreas
complication
@sometimes hemorrhage
病因(etiology)
|worse differentiated: usually nonfunctional tumor
type
|large cell: more often,
|small cell
檢查/準則(examination/criteria)
#Ki67 index
##>20%:grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor=pancreatic neuroendocrine Carcinoma, panNEC(胰臟神經內分泌癌)

Ki 67 labelling index in (a) grade I, (b) grade II and (c) grade III meningioma 
資料來源:neurologyindia
#lack of somatostatin receptors , SSTR
#gross: average size is 4 cm
#histology
##ill-defined border
##large cell:  size is bigger, hypochromatic
##small cell: nucleolus is not clear but nucleus is hyperchromatic, cytoplasm is really less,

(upper small cell; lower larger cell)
#neuroendocrine marker: synaptophysin
治療(treatment)

鑑別診斷(Differential Diagnosis)

流行病學(Epidemiology)
+2~3% of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia
+1% of malignant pancreatic tumor

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