type I diabetes mellitus(第一型糖尿病)

症狀/併發症(symptom/complication)	symptom @hyperglycemia @polyuria @polydipsia @polyphagia @unexplained weight loss @Glycosylation of Protein: Reaction of glucose to amino groups and cause some pathogenesis @Polyol formation: ex: Sorbitol accumalation and cause retinopathy chronic complication: main death reason of diabetes mellitus @macrovascular disease @@coronary artery disease @@stroke @peripheral artery disease @microvascular disease @@retinopathy: may be blind @@diabetes nephropathy(糖尿病腎病變): need hemodialysis, renal cortex hyper thickening @@neuropathy other complication @hypoglycemia: important death reason in the past 資料來源：badas-dpis @hyperglycemia mechanism 資料來源：台灣內科醫學會
病因(etiology)	|gene: HLA complex , multigene heredity |enviroment type |type 1A: pancreatic beta cell was damaged by immunologic factor 資料來源：intechopen ||onset of type I diabetes mellitus is beta cell less than 20% ||beta dificiency (do not 100%)-->stress situation will cause hyperglycemia ||honey moon period is relatively short, do not longer than six months 資料來源：長庚醫療財團法人 |type 1B:
檢查/準則(examination/criteria)	#HLA complex is acoount for 40~50% genetic risk #antibody: just for reference, now is just for research ##Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, GAD65 ##Islet cell antibody, ICA512 ##Insulin autoantibody,IAA we could know that antibody is not absolute detection 資料來源：u-cursos #blood sugar: 血糖(Blood sugar) #HbA1c: the sugarization or "Stickiness-index" which measures the percentage of hemoglobin 資料來源：diabetes-mellitus
治療(treatment)	treatment $insulin supplement: give 胰島素(Insulin) or 胰島素類似物(Insulin analogues) to patient and insulin injection three to four times a day $$continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion 資料來源：diabetespharmacist control and detection $dynamic blood sugar detector $control type I diabetes glucose will be more strict as age older goal $decrease chronic complication $mortality reduction $reduce health expenditures $prevention diabetes detect $somogyi effect: have undergone hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia response $dawn phenomenon: hyperglycemia due to much cortisol secreting in the morning
鑑別診斷(Differential Diagnosis)
流行病學(Epidemiology)	+T1D accounts for 5–10% of the total cases of diabetes mellitus worldwide, about 18~36 million cases

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